向EMA提交的营销授权申请(MAA)和向FDA提交的新药申请(NDA)均基于来自III期FIDELIO-DKD研究的阳性数据,这是迄今为止在CKD和T2D方面开展的最大规模III期临床试验项目的一部分。试验结果在美国肾脏病学会(ASN)肾脏周重塑2020(Kidney Week Reimagined 2020)上公布,并于2020年10月同时发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM)。
Finerenone(BAY 94-8862)是一种研究性、非甾体类、选择性盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂(MRA)。盐皮质激素受体过度激活是肾脏和心脏损害的主要驱动因素。在2015年,美国FDA授予了Finerenone快速通道资格(FTD)。
慢性肾脏病(CKD)是糖尿病最常见的并发症之一,也是心血管疾病的一个独立危险因素。在所有II型糖尿病患者中,大约40%的患者会发展为CKD。CKD是终末期肾病和肾功能衰竭的主要原因,在晚期,患者可能需要透析或肾移植以维生存。在10年时间里,伴有CKD的II型糖尿病患者死于心血管相关疾病的可能性是单纯II型糖尿病患者的3倍。众所周知,在患有CKD和II型糖尿病的患者中,盐皮质激素受体过度激活会在肾脏和心脏中引发有害的过程(例如,炎症和纤维化)。在全球范围内,II型糖尿病患者中的CKD是肾功能衰竭的最常见原因。
图注:Finerenone作用机制
Finerenone III期临床项目是迄今为止最大的CKD III期临床项目。该项目由两项研究组成,入组了全球各地1.3万例伴有广泛严重程度CKD疾病的T2D患者,包括早期肾损害和更晚期肾病的患者。该项目旨在评估Finerenone与安慰剂分别联合标准护理对肾脏和心血管(CV)预后的影响。
FIDELIO-DKD(Finerenone降低糖尿病肾病肾衰竭和疾病进展)是一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行组、多中心、事件驱动的III期研究,入组了来自全球48个国家1000多个地点的约5700例伴有CKD的T2D患者。研究中,这些患者被随机分配,接受每天一次口服10mg或20mg的Finerenone或安慰剂,同时接受标准护理,包括降糖治疗和最大耐受剂量的肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)阻断剂,如血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂或血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂(ARB)。该研究已经达到了主要终点。
FIGARO-DKD(Finerenone降低糖尿病肾病心血管病发病率和死亡)研究仍在进行中,该研究在欧洲、日本、中国、美国等48个国家入组了约7400例伴有CKD的T2D患者。
拜耳最近宣布启动FINEARTS-HF研究,这是一项多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照III期研究,将在超过5500例左心室射血分数≥40%的有症状心力衰竭(HF)患者(纽约心脏协会II-IV级)中调查Finerenone与安慰剂。
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